“Christianity and Music”
How should we, as Christians, relate to/participate in the modern music scene? This topic has been debated for centuries, but it is one that has received special attention in the past hundred years or so with the invention of modern electronic instruments that changed the way in which music was written and performed drastically. Some people say that modern music (Rock, Metal, Hip-Hop, Rap, Electronic, Trance, etc) should be completely shunned by believers as the product of a sinful and depraved world. Others say that we should embrace these new methods in order to better relate to the world around us and to more efficiently spread the Gospel. But while both of these have positive aspects, I do not believe that either hits the mark.
What kinds of music should Christians listen to?
Fundamentalists would tell us that modern music is unacceptable. As I understand it, that means any instrument invented in the past 100 years or so. That would include acoustic, electric and bass guitars (although I think some groups/denominations allow acoustic guitars), as well as any electrically powered instrument. They believe that all music participated in should be worshipful, and all worship through music should be as similar as possible to that done in the Bible.* However, I have discovered it impossible to find biblical support for the religious beliefs of the Fundamentalists regarding music. For instance, Fundamentalists believe that it is wrong, disrespectful and irreverent to clap, jump, sway back and forth, or raise one’s voice above others at any time during a worship service. However, Ps 47:1b says “Clap your hands, all peoples! to God with loud songs of joy!” (emphasis added) – Something that would outrage a Fundamentalist congregation were someone to try it. (see also ps 33:3, 81:1, 95:1-2, 98:4-8, etc) It’s obvious that God means for worship through music to be a joyful, exciting (“clap”), experience. That excludes the types of worship through music generally practiced by Fundamentalists and “uber”-conservative Christians.
At the other end of the spectrum, we have the liberal and Emergent (conservative and liberal) categories of churches who use all types of music in their worship, usually CCM (which generally consists of a light rock/acoustic musical style with Christ-centered lyrics), but occasionally even extending to Hip-Hop or Metal. Even some conservative Christian churches allow and even encourage listening to modern forms of music, but they would hesitate before using it in a worship service, since some members of the congregation would disagree with it’s use and they do not wish to cause undue strife. I would tend to align myself with this group (see the churches/ministries of John Piper and John MacArthur for examples). When I look at the music as practiced by the Israelites (interesting note: there is no mention of the NT church ever using any musical instruments), I see them using the same instruments as the cultures around them – harps, lyres, cymbals, flutes, tambourines, trumpets and something called a Gittith (ps 8,81,84). They didn’t do anything to distinguish themselves musically from the cultures around them, at least not for any religious reasons. Another interesting point is that the music in most of our traditional hymns was actually written to be purposefully similar to most of the popular songs of the day so that the people could remember/sing them easier. The fact is, at any given time in the Bible, the songs sung by the Isrealites/Christians the Bible were considered “modern”. So it is with most of Protestant Christian history. This and the facts before establish that modern music should not be rejected simply because it is modern – in other words, there is nothing inherently sinful in modern music. Now let’s discuss the current form(s) of modern music in more specificity.
Are there any genres of modern music that are inherently sinful to listen to?
A lot of Christians who accept genres like Rock or CCM still say that genres like Hip-Hop, Rap, Electronic, and Metal are still sinful to listen to/participate in because they are specifically designed to generate sinful thoughts or feelings. However, I have listened moderately to extensively to every major, minor and sub genre of Electronic, Hip-Hop, Rap and Metal. I can vouch that none of these genres inherently cause sinful thoughts in every person that listens to them. In 1st Cor 10:25-31, Paul tells us that “the earth is the Lord’s, and everything in it,” which in context is telling us that nothing on this earth is inherently sinful. He is speaking of food in this case, but he tells us to eat all foods without reserve, not questioning the moral value of anything put before us – but to refrain from eating anything that we know will cause another person to sin. It seems logical to assume that the same principle applies to music. Just like we shouldn’t refuse Chinese food or Mexican food if it was put before us, so should we not object to rap music or hip-hop, and we can even grow to like, enjoy, and participate in these dishes or bands. However, if we are with someone who we know takes offense at those genres or those dishes, or with someone who thinks that they are inherently sinful (regardless of whether or not they are wrong), we should abstain from participating in them. Just like we shouldn’t cook pork for a Seventh-Day Adventist, we shouldn’t listen to Lecrae (Christian Hip-Hop) where a Fundamentalist can hear it.
But what about secular artists? Is it okay for us to listen to artists who make no pretensions about being Christian (or those who say they are but aren’t)? I’d say yes, to an extent. We obviously shouldn’t listen to music that is very blatantly anti-God or satanic just like we shouldn’t eat meat that is very clearly sacrificed to idols (1 Cor 10:28), but there’s not necessarily anything wrong with listening to morally neutral secular music, just as there is nothing wrong with eating food prepared by a secular cook. Again, however, we shouldn’t listen to anything that we know will either be a stumbling block to ourselves or to others (regardless of whether or not they are wrong in their convictions). Many people object to this under the principle of 1st Cor 10:31, “Whether you eat or you drink, or whatever you do, do it all to the glory of God.” They say that secular music does not glorify God, therefore we shouldn’t listen to it. But are all things secular inherently non-glorifying to God? No, as the whole world screams God’s glory to all people. Should we stop using computers because they are made by non-Christians? No, of course not. People would respond to that argument by saying that a computer can be used to glorify God because it is the things you do with it that determine it’s spiritual worth, but since that can’t apply to secular music, it must be sinful to listen to. I would agree with the point about computers and point out that that principle can be applied to music. It isn’t what you do with the music that makes it right or wrong, but it is what it makes you do that determines whether or not it is sinful. If it inspires you to do good things, then it shouldn’t be shunned. But if it causes sinful thoughts to enter your head and marr your conscience, then throw it to the dogs of Hell asap. Listening to beautiful classical music made by a secular composer can help us meditate on His Word. Likewise, emotionally charged music can cause us to try to make a difference in the world, especially through politics.
Unless it causes them to sin, Christians should not reject modern forms of music simply because it is modern. After all, any type of music used in the Bible or throughout the history of Christianity was considered modern by the cultures around them. However, we should refrain from allowing our participation in modern music to be a moral stumbling block to others (Christian or non-Christian) who don’t share our views. Secular music can be listened to as well, as long as it generates positive feelings and attitudes in us.
* I represent the beliefs of Fundamentalists to the best of my ability without claiming to do so either perfectly or completely.